.45-70 Govt. Load Data & Reloading Guide

The .45-70 Government, standardized by the Commission Internationale Permanente (CIP), has a storied history dating back to its introduction by the U.S. military in 1873. Originally developed for the Springfield Model 1873 rifle, this caliber became widely popular due to its versatility and effectiveness in both military and civilian applications. Today, it retains a strong following among enthusiasts of historical firearms and modern hunters alike.

Technically, the .45-70 Govt. CIP is a straight-walled cartridge, known for its large case capacity that can house significant powder loads. It typically measures 2.105 inches in case length with a rimmed design to accommodate lever-action rifles and single-shot arms. The substantial bullet diameter of .458 inches allows for a wide range of bullet designs and weights, providing flexibility in load development.

Ballistically, the traditional factory load fires a 405-grain bullet at approximately 1,330 feet per second, although modern loads have expanded this envelope considerably. Bullet weights can range from 300 grains for lighter, faster projectiles to 500 grains for deeper penetration and stopping power. This makes the .45-70 Govt. suitable for a variety of applications including hunting large game at moderate ranges and sport shooting.

For reloaders, the .45-70 offers distinct advantages. The ample case volume allows for customization in power and recoil, and the low operating pressure facilitates longer brass life. Reloaders can experiment with different bullet types and powder charges to tailor performance precisely to their needs, whether it be for hunting, historical reenactment, or competitive shooting. This malleability has only cemented the .45-70 Government’s status as a staple in the reloader’s repertoire.